Gut and bladder fermentation syndromes: a narrative review

Abstract We recently reported the first clinical case of bladder fermentation syndrome (BFS) or urinary auto-brewery syndrome, which caused the patient to fail abstinence monitoring.In BFS, ethanol is generated by Crabtree-positive fermenting yeast Candida glabrata in a patient with poorly controlled diabetes.One crucial characteristic of BFS is th

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Coarsening dynamics can explain meiotic crossover patterning in both the presence and absence of the synaptonemal complex

The shuffling of genetic material facilitated by meiotic crossovers is a critical driver Air Vent Nut of genetic variation.Therefore, the number and positions of crossover events must be carefully controlled.In Arabidopsis, an obligate crossover and repression of nearby crossovers on each chromosome pair are abolished in mutants that lack the synap

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